为什么有的女生痛经“痛得要死”,有的一点儿不疼?哪种更健康?
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[1]Schoep ME, Nieboer TE, van der Zanden M, et al. The impact of menstrual symptoms on everyday life: a survey among 42,879 women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 220:569.e1.
[2]Burnett MA, Antao V, Black A, et al. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in Canada. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2005; 27:765.
[3]Fort煤n-Rabad谩n R, Boudreau SA, Bellosta-L贸pez P, et al. Facilitated Central Pain Mechanisms Across the Menstrual Cycle in Dysmenorrhea and Enlarged Pain Distribution in Women With Longer Pain History. J Pain 2023; 24:1541.
[4]Kapczuk K, Zaj膮czkowska W, Madziar K, K臋dzia W. Endometriosis in Adolescents with Obstructive Anomalies of the Reproductive Tract. J Clin Med. 2023;12(5)锛�2007. doi:10.3390/jcm12052007.
[5]Ju H, Jones M, Mishra G. The prevalence and risk factors of dysmenorrhea. Epidemiol Rev 2014; 36:104.
[6]Adapted from Andersch B, Milsom I. An epidemiologic study of young women with dysmenorrhea. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 144:655.
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